Alternatives to local content requirements in resource-rich countries

This paper discusses whether and to what extent resource-rich developing countries should introduce local content policies, i.e. requirements to include local inputs in petroleum extraction activities of multinational corporations. We argue that local content needs to be seen as a public expenditure question, since local content requirements increase multinational costs, and hence reduce the taxes which can be extracted from these companies. This implies that there are opportunity costs in imposing local content requirements, since the forgone taxes can be used in others ways which could potentially do more to improve development prospects. Moreover, past experiences of resource-rich developing countries suggest that local content policies can exacerbate key problems of patronage and rent-seeking which resource rents generate, increasing the chance that the resource wealth will prevent rather than help development. These arguments suggest that an optimal local content policy in the context of flawed institutions is a more limited one than those typically pursued by developing countries with recently discovered petroleum reserves. Using qualitative data from Tanzania, a country with recent discoveries of substantial natural gas deposits, we analyze why local content tends to become such a central issue in debates and policy processes, despite its potentially problematic aspects.     

工作面上隅角瓦斯治理技术实践

为了解决工作面瓦斯经常超限的问题,通过向上隅角上方打钻和采空区埋管进行气体分析,确定了上隅角瓦斯主要来自于顶板裂隙带,通过设置低位钻向裂隙带施工拦截钻孔抽采有效解决了工作面上隅角瓦斯超限的问题,该方法对其他瓦斯矿井具有极大的借鉴意义。     

The response of U.S. natural gas futures and spot prices to storage change surprises: Fundamental information and the effect of escalating physical gas production

We study the behavior of U.S. natural gas futures and spot prices on and around the weekly announcements by the U.S. Energy Information Administration of the amount of natural gas in storage. We identify an inverse empirical relation between changes in futures prices and surprises in the change in natural gas in storage and that this relation is not driven by the absolute size of the surprise. The evidence also indicates prices react first in the futures market for natural gas with that information then flowing to the spot market. Post 2005, corresponding to a period of significant increases in the production of natural gas in the United States, the response of prices to storage surprises was larger in absolute value. No evidence is found of economically meaningful reactions to the surprise other than on the date the storage news is released. The results demonstrate the importance of fundamental information in the formation of natural gas prices.     

采气工劳动防护用品配置配备标准分析探讨

针对采气工在生产工作中所处的工作环境,分析了其对人体的7个部位可能造成的伤害,提出了"配置到站"与"配置到人"两种配置模式,从标准的适应性和经济性进行了分析,并提出了相应的劳动防护用品配置标准的改进建议。     

中俄天然气合作博弈分析

中俄两国在能源领域的合作受到全球越来越多的关注，中俄能源合作有着广阔的前景，但目前还存在一些具体的问题，石油管线的修建一波三折，天然气合作仍处在初级阶段。针对两国在天然气合作过程中出现的现象和问题，本文将运用博弈论思想做出具体的分析。     

浆态床一步法二甲醚产业化技术突破与进展

介绍了清华大学与重庆英力燃化有限公司合作开发的燃料级二甲醚合成中试研发进展。采用新型循环浆态床反应器一步法合成二甲醚技术取得了实质性突破，并获得了良好的中试结果：CO单程转化率达到60％以上，DME选择性达到94％，明显优于APCI和NKK的浆态床二甲醚合成工艺。     

关于中国跨国油气管道安全问题的思考

近年来,我国能源对外依存度不断提高,我国通过多条跨国管道保障国家的能源供应安全。本文简要介绍了我国陆上油气通道的情况,分析了这些跨国油气管道所面临的政治、社会、宗教、战争等风险,提出了应对这些风险的措施,供相关企业及部门参考。     

瓦斯在生活中的应用及安全问题论述

本文试就瓦斯在生活中应用及安全问题进行论述。瓦斯是天然气体,通常可分为液化石油气、天然气和煤气三大类。文章介绍了瓦斯的基本知识,瓦斯在生活中的安全问题及对策。     

高炉煤气在活性石灰回转窑中节能降耗的探讨

文章主要介绍活性石灰回转窑生产过程中,高炉煤气管网波动对生产的影响。通过增设稳压站平衡管网压力波动,稳定管网压力,增加低热值煤气用量,进而置换煤粉,降低产品能耗,保证生产稳定的使用效果。为业内通过利用低热值高炉煤气用量、降低能耗,稳定生产提供一些实践经验。     

深部开采冲击地压与瓦斯耦合作用机理研究与防治

通过对冲击地压与瓦斯之间的相互关系进行研究,分析了冲击地压与瓦斯之间的相互影响作用关系,总结了冲击地压与瓦斯的作用机理和过程,并提出冲击地压与瓦斯突出的防治方法。